The former player: 'I wanted to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes details of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racism in professional rugby led his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were inquiries underway.
"That was difficult - I had to just accept the outcome and understand that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather enough proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has placed considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to strive for a environment of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on building inclusive cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to reach young people in under-served communities and support them thrive on and off the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the opportunity and continue carrying this flag and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022